Article
  • Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam According to Particle Size and Expansion Rate of Expandable Graphite
  • Jin Kim and Sang-Bum Kim

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi Unviersity, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeontong-gu, Suwon 16227, Korea

  • 팽창흑연의 입자크기 및 팽창률에 따른 경질 폴리우레탄 폼의 난연성
  • 김 진 · 김상범

  • 경기대학교 화학공학과

  • Reproduction, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of any part of this publication is permitted only by written permission from the Polymer Society of Korea.

References
  • 1. Kim, S. S.; Park, J. N. Industrial Application of Polyurethane. Polym. Sci. Technol. 1999, 10, 614-620.
  •  
  • 2. Samali, B.; Nemati, S.; Sharafi, P.; Tahmoorian F.; Sanati, F. Structural Performance of Polyurethane Foam-filled Building Composite Panels: a State-of-the-art. J. Compos. Sci. 2019, 3, 40.
  •  
  • 3. Liu, X.; Hao J.; Gaan, S. Recent Studies on the Decomposition and Strategies of Smoke and Toxicity Suppression for Polyurethane Based Materials. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 74742-74756.
  •  
  • 4. Sung, C. H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, K. S.; Oh, S. M.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, M. S.; Jeong, H. M. Sound Damping of a Polyurethane Foam Nanocomposite. Macromol. Res. 2007, 15, 443-448.
  •  
  • 5. Javni, I.; Song, K.; Lin J.; Petrovic, Z. S. Structure and Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams with Nano-and Micro-fillers. J. Cell. Plast. 2011, 47, 357-372.
  •  
  • 6. Scarfato, P.; Di Maio, L.; Incarnato, L. Structure and Physical-mechanical Properties Related to Comfort of Flexible Polyurethane Foams for Mattress and Effects of Artificial Weathering. Composiste Part B. 2017, 109, 45-52.
  •  
  • 7. Singh, H.; Sharma T. P.; Jain, A. K. Reactivity of the Raw Materials and Their Effects on the Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007, 106, 1014-1023.
  •  
  • 8. Silva, M. C.; Takahashi, J. A. Chaussy, D.; Belgacem, M. N.; Silva, G. G. Composites of Rigid Polyurethane Foam and Cellulose Fiber Residue, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 117, 3665-3672.
  •  
  • 9. McKenna, S. T.; Hull, T. R. The Fire Toxicity of Polyurethane Foams. Fire Sci. Rev. 2016, 5, 3.
  •  
  • 10. Modesti, M.; Lorenzetti, A.; Simioni F.; Checchin, M.; Influence of Different Flame Retardants on Fire Behaviour of Modified PIR/PUR Polymers. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2001, 74, 475-479.
  •  
  • 11. Kordomenos, P. I.; Kresta, J. E.; Frisch, K. C. Thermal Stability of Isocyanate-based Polymers. 2. Kinetics of the Thermal Dissociation of Model Urethane, Oxazolidone, and Isocyanurate Block Copolymers, Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2077-2083.
  •  
  • 12. Ulrich, H. Recent Advances in Isocyanurate Technology. J. Cell. Plast. 1981, 17, 31-34.
  •  
  • 13. Xu, Q.; Hong, T.; Zhou, Z.; Gao, J.; Xue, L. The Effect of the Trimerization Catalyst on the Thermal Stability and the Fire Performance of the Polyisocyanurate-polyurethane Foam. Fire Mater. 2018, 42, 119-127.
  •  
  • 14. Shin, H. K.; Lee, S. H. Effect of Catalyst Type and NCO Index on the Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Poly(urethane-isocyanurate) Foams. Elastomers and Compos. 2018, 53, 86-94.
  •  
  • 15. Kwon, O.; Lee, J. C.; Seo, K. S.; Seo, C. S.; Kim, S. B. Effect of Flame Retardants on Flame Retardancy of Flexible Polyurethane Foam. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2013, 24, 208-213.
  •  
  • 16. Lin, Y.; Jiang, S.; Gui, Z.; Li, G.; Shi, X.; Chen, G.; Peng, X. Synthesis of a Novel Highly Effective Flame Retardant Containing Multivalent Phosphorus and Its Application in Unsaturated Polyester Resins. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 86632-86639.
  •  
  • 17. Thirumal, M.; Singha, N. K.; Khastgir, D.; Manjunath, B. S.; Naik, Y. P. Halogen-free Flame-retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams: Effect of Alumina Trihydrate and Triphenylphosphate on the Properties of Polyurethane Foams. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 116, 2260-2268.
  •  
  • 18. Wang, W. J.; He, K., Dong, Q. X.; Fan, Y.; Zhu, N.; Xia, Y. B.; Ma, H. W. Influence of Aluminum Hydroxide and Expandable Graphite on the Flammability of Polyisocyanurate-polyurethane Foams. Appl. Mech. Mater. 2013,368, 741-746.
  •  
  • 19. Van der Veen, I.; de Boer, J. Phosphorus Flame Retardants: Properties, Production, Environmental Occurrence, Toxicity and Analysis. Chemosphere 2012, 88, 1119-1153.
  •  
  • 20. Duquesne, S.; Le Bras, M.; Bourbigot, S.; Delobel, R.; Camino, G.; Eling, B.; Vezin, H. Mechanism of Fire Retardancy of Polyurethanes Using Ammonium Polyphosphate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 82, 3262-3274.
  •  
  • 21. Feng, F.; Qian, L. The Flame Retardant Behaviors and Synergistic Effect of Expandable Graphite and Dimethyl Methylphosphonate In Rigid Polyurethane Foams. Polym. Compos. 2014, 35, 301-309.
  •  
  • 22. Modesti, M.; Lorenzetti, A.; Simioni, F.; Camino, G. Expandable Graphite as An Intumescent Flame Retardant in Polyisocyanurate-polyurethane Foams. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2002, 77, 195-202.
  •  
  • 23. Modesti, M.; Lorenzetti, A. Flame Retardancy of Polyisocyanurate-polyurethane Foams: Use of Different Charring Agents. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2002, 78, 341-347.
  •  
  • 24. Nhung, H. T.; Linh, P. D.; Hanh, N. T.; Nhan, N. T.; Oanh, H. T.; Tuyen, N. D.; Ha, H. M. Effect of the Incorporation of Organoclay and Melamine Cyanurate on the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Property of Polyurethane Foam. Vietnam J. Chem. 2019, 57, 368-374.
  •  
  • 25. Hwang, T. S.; Lee, B. J.; Yang, Y. K.; Choi, J. H.; Kim, H. J. The R&D Trends of Polymer Flame Retardants. Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, 8, 35-53.
  •  
  • 26. Morgan, A. B.; Wilkie. C. A. Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook; John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
  •  
  • 27. Jin, J.; Dong, Q. X.; Shu, Z. J.; Wang, W. J.; He, K. Flame Retardant Properties of Polyurethane/expandable Praphite Composites. Procedia Eng. 2014, 71, 304-309.
  •  
  • 28. Shi, L.; Li, Z. M.; Yang, M. B.; Yin, B.; Zhou, Q. M.; Tian, C. R.; Wang, J. H. Expandable Graphite for Halogen-free Flame-retardant of High-density Rigid Polyurethane Foams. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2005, 44, 1323-1337.
  •  
  • 29. Li, Y.; Zou, J.; Zhou, S.; Chen, Y.; Zou, H.; Liang, M.; Luo, W. Effect of Expandable Graphite Particle Size on the Flame Retardant, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Water-blown Semi-rigid Polyurethane Foam. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39885.
  •  
  • 30. Li, J.; Mo, X.; Li, Y.; Zou, H.; Liang, M.; Chen, Y. Influence of Expandable Graphite Particle Size on the Synergy Flame Retardant Property Between Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Semi-rigid Polyurethane Foam. Polym. Bull. 2018, 75, 5287-5304.
  •  
  • 31. Shi, L.; Li, Z. M.; Xie, B. H.; Wang, J. H.; Tian, C. R.; Yang, M. B. Flame Retardancy of Different-sized Expandable Graphite Particles for High-density Rigid Polyurethane Foams. Polym. Int. 2006, 55, 862-871.
  •  
  • Polymer(Korea) 폴리머
  • Frequency : Bimonthly(odd)
    ISSN 0379-153X(Print)
    ISSN 2234-8077(Online)
    Abbr. Polym. Korea
  • 2022 Impact Factor : 0.4
  • Indexed in SCIE

This Article

  • 2023; 47(4): 540-546

    Published online Jul 25, 2023

  • 10.7317/pk.2023.47.4.540
  • Received on May 12, 2023
  • Revised on May 23, 2023
  • Accepted on May 23, 2023

Correspondence to

  • Sang-Bum Kim
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi Unviersity, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeontong-gu, Suwon 16227, Korea

  • E-mail: ksb@kyonggi.ac.kr